Stamp carving is one of those niche crafts that not a lot of people are into. As a result, there doesn't seem to be a consistent set of language that is used when other people talk about stamp carving, and often made worse because there are stamp carvers around the world trying their best to translate the ideas from other languages.
While this is super awesome, it means that I might be using different words to refer to different aspects of carving. So without further ado, here is my list of terms (alphabetically arranged, natch) for you to see. Please let me know if there is a word that you think should be included :)
Carving rubber: almost certainly not actual "rubber", but the material that is being used to carve on. Many companies use a proprietary formulation - likely a mix of dino juice and chemicals - and there is a wide range of types of carving materials.
Slab: my lazy way of referring to a large block of carving rubber.
Transfer: the process of getting a design onto the carving rubber.